Canadians come from different cultural, racial and religious backgrounds. In the collective identity of the nation stand the idiosyncrasies of the three founding peoples: the Indians, the French and the British.

Today's society is largely the legacy of the Christian civilizations of French and English speakers who colonized the region. France and England passed the legal and democratic institutions and universal values ​​of justice, equality and the rule of law.

Additionally, successive waves of immigrants from around the world have contributed an ethnic and cultural diversity is now to define Canada as an open, tolerant multicultural nation that celebrates diversity and recognizes the multiethnic abundance as a defining feature of his National identity.

Consequently, the Canadian lifestyle promotes the right of all citizens from different backgrounds to express and share their beliefs, traditions and habits.

However, Canada has values, principles and traditions that guide the behavior of its nationals and whose respect and monitoring are a duty of all citizens.

HISTORY

-The firsts settlers.


It’s probable that the first inhabitants of Canada were nomadic hunters who crossed from Asia by the land bridge that once joined Siberia and Alaska across the Bering Strait.


-The era of the discoveries.

The famous Viking Leif Eriksson was the first European who arrived in the Canadian coast; in fact, he and his crew were the first Europeans to tread in America.
Around the year 100 they explored the west coast of Canada and established settlements winter and intermediate points to repair boats and replenish supplies.

-How everything changed with the trade of leathers.

The interest of the King Francisco I woke again a few decades later when beaver fur hats began to fashion. As beavers had virtually extinct in the old continent, the demand for new supplies was very high.

In 1588, the French Crown granted the first commercial monopoly in Canada with the intention of quickly arouse the interest of other traders.
The economic value of that company was the main reason for the European settlement in the area and the root of the confrontation between the French and British for control, and the origin of the struggles among Amerindian groups. And all for a ridiculous hat.

-French against English.

The French enjoyed the monopoly of the leathers for decades, but in 1670 the British prepared a formidable challenge. A pair of French explorers, Radisson and Des Groseilliers, entrusted them to the best area of the leathers was north and west of Lake Superior, and was easily accessible from Hudson Bay. King Charles II immediately set the Hudson's Bay Company and granted a commercial monopoly over all desembocasen whose rivers and streams in the bay lands.

This move angered the French, who, in turn, led to the English settling further inland.
The conflict, incubated for decades, culminating in 1754 when the two countries fought in the Seven Years' War. Soon the balance tipped in favor of the British.

-The headache.

The administration of the new territory was a good challenge for the British. First they had to quell the uprisings of indigenous tribes, the British government issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which prevented the settlers were established west of the Appalachians and regulating the purchase of indigenous lands.
French Canadians were the cause of this issue of the British law that severely restricts the rights of French Catholics, including to vote and hold public office ..
The British governor, Guy Carleton, understood to earn the political affiliation of the French settlers was more important than turning them into tea drinkers. This resulted in the proclamation of the Quebec Act of 1774. The Act confirmed the right of French Canadians to have their own religion, public office and restored the use of French civil law.

-High and low Canada.

The British Government enacted the Constitutional Act of 1791, which divided the colony in Upper Canada (today southeastern Ontario) and Lower Canada (now southern Quebec). The latter retained French civil law, although both regions were ruled by the British penal code.

-A unification for caution.

Higher and Lower Canada soon joined to form the Province of Canada, governed by a single Legislative Assembly, the new Parliament of Canada. Every former colony had the same number of representatives, which was not exactly right for Lower Canada (eg for Quebec), where the population was much larger. Although the new system led to a responsible government that limited the powers of the governor and removed nepotism, the French did not make them any grace.

-Confederation of Canada.

In 1864, Charlottetown, was the delivery room of modern Canada. In the Province House of the population, the "Fathers of Confederation", a group of representatives of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Ontario and Quebec, met to negotiate the framework of a new nation. Two more meetings before the parliament passed the British North America Act in 1867. And that's how the modern and independent State of Canada, originally called Dominion of Canada was created were performed.

-The final of the link with England.

At the outbreak of World War I in 1914 Canada, as a member of the British Empire, it was automatically drawn into the conflict. In the early years of the war, more than three hundred thousand volunteers left for the battlefields of Europe. When World War I ended in 1918, most Canadians were against sending their men to fight in distant wars on behalf of Britain. Under the government of William Lyon Mackenzie King, Canada began to assert their independence.
Britain could not have Canadian army; He signed agreements without British approval and sent a Canadian ambassador to Washington.
Currently Canada is a constitutional monarchy with a parliament.

 GOVERMENT
Canada is a constitutional monarchy with a sovereign, Queen Elizabeth II as head of state. In addition, Canada is a federal state with a parliamentary democracy.
 As a constitutional monarchy, Canada's Head of State, the Queen of England, ruling in accordance with the Constitution, the highest law of the nation. It´s represented in Canada by the Governor General, who´s appointed every five years by the Queen, on the advice of the Prime Minister, head of the Canadian government.



           Canada belongs to the " Commonwealth " or British Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of 53 independent sovereign states that were part of the British crown. The purpose of this voluntary association is international cooperation for social, economic and cultural progress of its member states. The Queen of England is the central leader. The government has three branches, Executive, Legislative and Judicial, which work interdependently to ensure the rights and freedoms of Canadians.
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